Overview
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Pierre Serin: ESTP-CHEC engineer, teacher and consultant
INTRODUCTION
A tower crane is a lifting and handling device. It is a type of crane used on infrastructure, building and civil engineering sites, as well as on shipyards.
These cranes come in a variety of designs, from GME (self-erecting cranes) to GMA (self-erecting cranes), with equally wide-ranging characteristics (dimensions, lifting heights, spans, load capacities) to match the needs of the site (single-family homes, high-rise buildings, small warehouses at nuclear power plants, spacecraft launch pads).
Tower cranes are useful but fragile machines, requiring daily supervision and extensive maintenance.
Even if they are tending towards automation, they still need to be operated by human hands. This task is entrusted to the crane operator (there are still very few women in this profession), who undergoes special medical supervision and general and specific training for each type of machine, leading to a certificate of safe driving and a restricted authorization issued by the company manager on the basis of the medical aptitude certificate and driving certificate. The crane operator must be familiar with the needs of the various teams and be able to see everything from his or her position.
All these precautions (which some call constraints) mean that the number of accidents is low.
The crane is essential to the success of a construction site.
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Tower crane features
Bibliography
- Guide technique du 18 novembre 2014 relatif aux opérations de modification des machines en service, - https://travail-emploi.gouv.fr/publications/picts/bo/20141130/TRE_20140011_0110 _0001.pdf (2014)....
Standards and norms
- Overhead load hoists – Security – Tower cranes - NF EN 14439+A2 - Juillet 2009
- Overhead load hoists – Steel cables – Care and maintenance, inspection and removal - NF ISO 4309 - Janvier 2018
- Machine safety – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General design principles [cancelled 1er September 2012] - NF EN 954-1 - Février 1997
- Machine safety – Safety-related parts of control systems...
Regulations
Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 17, 2006 on machinery, amending Directive 95//EC (Machinery Directive).
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council No. 98/37/EEC of June 22, 1998 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery (replaced by Directive 2006/42/SC of December 29, 2009).
Arrêté du...
Directory
OPPBTP (Professional organization for building and public works)
FFB (French Building Federation)
FNTP (National Federation of Public Works)
Software
Calculation tool for determining the out-of-service wind applied to a crane (INRS)
https://www.inrs.fr/dms/inrs/CatalogueOutil/TI-outil54/outil-calcul-vent-outil54.zip
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