12. Conclusion
A great leap forward has been made from inclined planes, man-wheels and then horse-wheels to pull the load over the inclined plane, then undercarriages, then hoists, to GME and GMA carrier-mounted tower cranes.
This powerful but fragile equipment entails many risks, requiring the crane operator to be increasingly trained and aware. It is the crane operator who holds the "keys" to the worksite; he can see everything from his cab and must work for everyone, with increasingly sophisticated and therefore fragile equipment.
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Conclusion
Bibliography
- Guide technique du 18 novembre 2014 relatif aux opérations de modification des machines en service, - https://travail-emploi.gouv.fr/publications/picts/bo/20141130/TRE_20140011_0110 _0001.pdf (2014)....
Standards and norms
- Overhead load hoists – Security – Tower cranes - NF EN 14439+A2 - Juillet 2009
- Overhead load hoists – Steel cables – Care and maintenance, inspection and removal - NF ISO 4309 - Janvier 2018
- Machine safety – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General design principles [cancelled 1er September 2012] - NF EN 954-1 - Février 1997
- Machine safety – Safety-related parts of control systems...
Regulations
Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 17, 2006 on machinery, amending Directive 95//EC (Machinery Directive).
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council No. 98/37/EEC of June 22, 1998 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery (replaced by Directive 2006/42/SC of December 29, 2009).
Arrêté du...
Directory
OPPBTP (Professional organization for building and public works)
FFB (French Building Federation)
FNTP (National Federation of Public Works)
Software
Calculation tool for determining the out-of-service wind applied to a crane (INRS)
https://www.inrs.fr/dms/inrs/CatalogueOutil/TI-outil54/outil-calcul-vent-outil54.zip
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