River and sea transport play an essential role in world trade, and face major challenges, particularly at the economic level, to guarantee the efficiency of shipping routes, the competitiveness of ports and transport costs. Added to this are the tightening of safety and risk management regulations, and the environmental challenges of reducing CO2 emissions and limiting pollution of water and marine ecosystems. Thanks to technological innovation, the maritime industry continues to evolve in areas such as green propulsion, digitization of port operations and ship automation.