Ecodesign of marine infrastructure: from concept to practice.

The very serious loss of global biodiversity is concomitant with the Anthropocene, the new geological era in which mankind has become the main actor in the pressures on ecosystems. In this respect, the latest IPBES report makes a dramatic assessment of the state of biodiversity in the 200 years since the start of the industrial era: mankind has altered 75% of the land, 66% of the oceans and destroyed over 85% of wetlands. Consequently, our future on this unique planet will depend on our ability to immediately halt these impacts. Faced with this dramatic and anxiety-provoking situation for the younger generations, mankind needs to halt, or at least significantly slow down, the well-known causes of this predicted catastrophe: (1) land artificialisation and use, (2) resource exploitation (fishing, forestry, etc.), (3) climate change, (4) pollution (plastics at sea, etc.) and (5) invasive species in ecosystems. .

Artificialization and land use resulting from regional planning is the major problem. In addition to the intensive agricultural model, it is urban planning choices and their consequences that are penalizing us, as they generate an almost irreversible artificialization of natural environments (urban sprawl, port areas, industrial zones and transport infrastructures). Coastal areas are paying a high price for this rampant, uncontrolled development. Indeed, eight of the world's ten megacities are located on the coast, and the surface area of seascapes impacted by these developments is estimated at between 1 and 3.4 million km ² in 2018, with a 50-70% increase forecast between now and 2028. .

And in France? Between 2000 and 2006, the construction of...