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5. Sensor noise
For image sensors in general, noise is any signal that does not contribute to the formation of the desired image (figure 13 ). Its origin can be diverse, from the collection of photons in charge, to the conversion of charge into voltage, via all transfer processes between rows, columns, frames and blocks. This noise is also linked to thermal effects (mainly Johnson noise), light irradiation during transfer, filling and overflowing of wells onto neighbors, but also quantization noise at the output of the chain.
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Bibliography
Websites
UNIT (Université numérique en ingénierie et technologie), OPI (optique pour l'ingénieur) course "M7G4 Fundamentals of image sensors", http://optique-ingenieur.org/fr/cours/OPI_fr_M05_C06/co/OPI_fr_M05_C06_web.html SD association (page consulted March 2015)
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Standards and norms
- Standard for Characterization of Image, Sensors and Cameras, Release 3.0, Issued by European Machine Vision Association. - EMVA Standard 1288 - Nov 29, 2010
- Photography – Digital still cameras – Determination of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and recommended exposure index. - ISO 12232 - 2006
Patents
YAMADA, Shigeru, TSUJI, Masataka, and MITSUI, Kenji. High speed imaging apparatus. U.S. Patent N° 5, 412, 422, May 2, 1995.
ACIU, Alexandru V., POP, Petru, and CORLAN, Radu. High-frame rate image acquisition and motion analysis system. U.S. Patent N° 5, 625, 412, Apr. 29, 1997.
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