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1. Applications for vapor-compression heat pumps
1.1 PAC market trends
Following the oil shocks of the 1970s, the installation of mainly air-to-water heat pumps enjoyed a boom period in the early 1980s, at the instigation of Électricité de France (PERCHE Pompe à chaleur En Relève de Chaudière dans l'Habitat Existant program). The heat pump was then installed to complement oil or propane boilers. In mid-season, the heat pump is able to supply all the power required to heat the premises, then, when the outside temperature drops, the traditional...
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Applications for vapor-compression heat pumps
References
Books and technical guides on heat pumps
Standards
- Air conditioners and heat pumps not connected – Testing and determining performance characteristics. - ISO 5151 - 12-94
- Connected air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps – Testing and determining performance characteristics. - ISO 13253 - 11-95
- Water-source heat pumps – Testing and determining performance characteristics – Part 1: water-to-air and brine-to-air heat pumps. - ISO 13256-1 - 8-98
- Water-source...
Websites
French Association for Heat Pumps – AFPAC – http://www.afpac.org
French Environment and Energy Management Agency – ADEME – http://www.ademe.fr
European Heat Pump Association – EHPA – http://www.ehpa.org
...Certification bodies and testing laboratories
Eurovent
Promotelec
CETIAT
CEIS
TUV
Manufacturers
(non-exhaustive list)
Heat pumps
Accoroni
ACE (Airwell, Wesper)
AEG
Aermec
Aerocal
Airmat
AJ Tech
Atec
Atlantic climatisation
Avenir énergie
...
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference