2. Compression heat pumps with internal combustion engine
A heat engine consumes fuel in order to transform part of its calorific value into mechanical energy (25 to 42% of ICP depending on engine type and speed). The rest of the energy is recovered in the form of heat at various temperature levels:
high exhaust gas temperatures (450 to 800°C);
medium temperatures (85 to 95°C) in cooling water ;
low temperatures (20 to 40°C) in the air surrounding the engine.
When we use a heat engine to drive the compressor of a heat pump, only the energy recovered from the air has a low enough temperature level to contribute directly to the heat pump's cold source. As for other heat sources, it is preferable to recover them from the heat transfer fluid in the circuit. Thanks to the heat pump's use of energy from...
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Compression heat pumps with internal combustion engine
References
Books and technical guides on heat pumps
Standards
- Air conditioners and heat pumps not connected – Testing and determining performance characteristics. - ISO 5151 - 12-94
- Connected air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps – Testing and determining performance characteristics. - ISO 13253 - 11-95
- Water-source heat pumps – Testing and determining performance characteristics – Part 1: water-to-air and brine-to-air heat pumps. - ISO 13256-1 - 8-98
- Water-source...
Websites
French Association for Heat Pumps – AFPAC – http://www.afpac.org
French Environment and Energy Management Agency – ADEME – http://www.ademe.fr
European Heat Pump Association – EHPA – http://www.ehpa.org
...Certification bodies and testing laboratories
Eurovent
Promotelec
CETIAT
CEIS
TUV
Manufacturers
(non-exhaustive list)
Heat pumps
Accoroni
ACE (Airwell, Wesper)
AEG
Aermec
Aerocal
Airmat
AJ Tech
Atec
Atlantic climatisation
Avenir énergie
...
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