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5. Conclusion
Until 2015, luminous efficiency records were broken every six months. Since then, there seems to have been a slowdown and a certain stagnation. Nevertheless, the theoretical physics of LEDs still promise plenty of room for manoeuvre, and it would not be absurd to assume that they will continue to progress.
The complexity and modular structure of LED devices open up multiple avenues for improvement outside the confines of the chip and its quantum efficiency, with ballast electronics and efficiency, improved heat dissipation or optics and light extraction.
Robustness and reliability are also major areas of research, affecting all LED device modules, but if this aspect develops and finds technological solutions at laboratory level, the market and the finished and marketed products will be subject to multiple non-technological criteria, notably...
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Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Bibliography
Standards and norms
Definitions and characteristics
- General lighting – Light-emitting diode (LED) products and related equipment – Terms and definitions – Modified by NF EN 62504/A1 (May 2018) - NF EN 62504 - 12-14
- Light and lighting – Measurement and presentation of photometric data for lamps and luminaires – Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires - NF EN 13032-4 + A1 - 06-19
Safety requirements...
Regulations
Decree of December 27, 2018 on the prevention, reduction and limitation of light pollution.
Décret n° 2011-831 du 12 juillet 2011 relatif à la prévention et à la limitation des nuisances lumineuses : Version consolidée au 5 août 2019.
Patents
LED Filaments : HAKATA (K.), MATSUOKA (T.), "Light-emitting device and lighting apparatus incorporating same", US patent n° 2009184618 assigned to Ushio Denki KK, published 23 Jul. 2009
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