3. Glass industry
Electric glass melting is mainly carried out by furnaces with direct current flow through the molten glass bath; however, indirect heating by resistors is used in a few special cases:
leaded glass melting in closed-crucible furnaces, for low-volume production. The resistors used are made of molybdenum bisilicide (suspended from the refractory roof and arranged around the crucible, along the vertical walls of the chamber) or silicon carbide;
a crucible furnace with a capacity of 550 kg of lead crystal, equipped with 15 molybdenum bisilicide resistors, each rated at 5 kW, to melt the entire load during off-peak hours; specific consumption for melting and refining is between 0.7 and 1 kWh/kg of crystal.
heating...
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Glass industry
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Bibliography
Heating element suppliers
ACIM JOUANIN S.A. [email protected]
CERHEC [email protected]
KANTHAL http://www.kanthal.com
RESCAL http://www.rescal.com
...Regulations
The Union technique de l'électricité (UTE) provides readers with collections of French, foreign and international standards, as well as reproductions of regulatory texts: both can also be purchased from the Association française de normalisation (AFNOR). In each country, the national standardization service can provide the same services.
Texts
- Textes officiels relatifs aux conditions techniques...
Standardization
- Installations électriques à haute tension : Règles - NF C 13-200 - 12-89
- High-voltage electrical installations – practical guide – determining conductor cross-sections and selecting protective devices - NF C 13-205 - 7-94
- Installations de branchement à basse tension : Règles - NF C 14-100 - 2-98
- Installations électriques à basse tension : Règles - NF C 15-100 - 12-02
- Installations électriques...
Electrical heating equipment market
2005 was marked by a sharp drop in the power ordered for thermal equipment, surpassing the increases of the previous two years: +6% between 2002 and 2003, +3% between 2003 and 2004, compared with -24% between 2004 and 2005.
Natural gas, which had grown significantly last year, with a 13-point gain in market share between 2004 and 2005, suffered the sharpest decline: -35% between...
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