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2. Ceramic industry
Electric resistance kilns have been used in the ceramics industry for many decades, and are constantly being improved. The wide variety of products produced (bricks, tiles, vases, sanitary ware, household items, industrial products, etc.) is based on similar techniques: preparation of a more or less plastic paste, shaping of this paste to give it the required form, high-temperature firing of the shaped objects to give them special properties, and possibly protection and decoration of the objects by special coatings. Ceramics are generally made from a mixture of mineral materials; the table 1 summarizes the main applications of ceramics, by type of product.
Firing of bodies (cookies, degourdis), coatings (glazes,...
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Ceramic industry
Glass industry
Bibliography
Heating element suppliers
ACIM JOUANIN S.A. [email protected]
CERHEC [email protected]
KANTHAL http://www.kanthal.com
RESCAL http://www.rescal.com
...Regulations
The Union technique de l'électricité (UTE) provides readers with collections of French, foreign and international standards, as well as reproductions of regulatory texts: both can also be purchased from the Association française de normalisation (AFNOR). In each country, the national standardization service can provide the same services.
Texts
- Textes officiels relatifs aux conditions techniques...
Standardization
- Installations électriques à haute tension : Règles - NF C 13-200 - 12-89
- High-voltage electrical installations – practical guide – determining conductor cross-sections and selecting protective devices - NF C 13-205 - 7-94
- Installations de branchement à basse tension : Règles - NF C 14-100 - 2-98
- Installations électriques à basse tension : Règles - NF C 15-100 - 12-02
- Installations électriques...
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2005 was marked by a sharp drop in the power ordered for thermal equipment, surpassing the increases of the previous two years: +6% between 2002 and 2003, +3% between 2003 and 2004, compared with -24% between 2004 and 2005.
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