Overview
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Read the articleAUTHOR
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Jean-Marc BERLAND: Doctorate in Environmental Sciences and Techniques from the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (France) - Project Manager, International Office for Water
INTRODUCTION
Before it was considered an alternative to the collective sanitation system, non-collective sanitation, sometimes still referred to as "autonomous sanitation" or even "individual sanitation", was the general rule.
At the beginning of the 20th century, urban wastewater treatment plants were rare. What's more, domestic wastewater collection was limited to the centers of very large cities. Excreta collection and storage systems ("watertight" pits) were the rule. In the vast majority of cases, these pits were far from watertight. Sometimes, a hole was drilled at the bottom of the pit to allow the liquid part of the excreta to escape, thus reducing the frequency of emptying, which was always costly.
Because of its low population density and housing structure, France will always have a high proportion of its population connected to on-site sewage systems, whether single-family or grouped.
Ensuring the quality of sanitation practices is therefore essential.
In this article, we'll take a look at the state of the art in terms of the various techniques available, including some that can only be used with the approval of the local authorities.
Next, we'll take a look at the missions of a Service public d'assainissement non collectif (SPANC). We'll describe the various control procedures that need to be put in place for the design, construction and maintenance of ANC systems, and for the management of septage.
This article follows on from the article - L'Assainissement Non Collectif C3842v2 - which includes the articles :
- Techniques and managementC3842v2 - The different treatment processesC3843 - SPANC's compulsory responsibilities: InspectionsC3844
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Non-collective sanitation techniques and management
Bibliography
Websites
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IMA – International Mineralogical Association
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Toilets of the world
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Recommendations for the safe use of...
Events
Each year, the Assises Nationales de l'Assainissement non collectif is held in a different city.
Standards and norms
- AFNOR; Installation of on-site sanitation systems – Single-family homes with up to 10 main rooms. - XP DTU 64.1 -
- AFNOR – CEN; Prefabricated septic tanks. - EN 12566-1 + A1 -
- AFNOR – CEN; Soil infiltration systems. - CEN/TS 12566-2 -
- AFNOR – CEN; Domestic wastewater treatment plants ready for use and/or assembled on site. - EN 12566-3 + A1 -
- AFNOR – CEN; Septic tanks built in situ...
Regulations
Law on water and aquatic environments (LEMA) of December 30, 2006 (consolidated version as of July 14, 2010)
French Water Act no. 92-3 of January 3, 1992
Law n° 64-1245 of December 16, 1964 relating to the regime and distribution of water and the fight against its pollution
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