Overview
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ABSTRACT
Water is essential in paper and paperboard making, 95% to 98% of process water are recycled in-house. Environmental constraints lead papermakers to reduce more fresh water uses and to provide efficient water management strategy to produce high quality paper with minimal fresh water. This article describes difficulties induced by water circuit closure and good water management practices that allow reducing impacts on productivity and environment.
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Sylvie NIVELON: Engineer from the French School of Stationery and Graphic Arts - Research engineer, Centre technique du papier, Grenoble, France
INTRODUCTION
Water management in paper mills is of paramount importance; indeed, water is an essential element in the papermaking process, fulfilling a number of functions during production: it supports the raw materials and carries them throughout the production chain, it transports energy in the form of steam, it ensures the cooling and lubrication of the many rotating elements, it keeps the paper machine clean and finally it enables the fibers to organize themselves in the form of a homogeneous mat to form a sheet of paper.
Historically, the paper industry has been considered a major consumer of water and a significant contributor to environmental pollution. However, over the last 40 years, thanks to a number of internal and external environmental measures, emissions into the receiving environment have been reduced by 90% or more.
Specific water consumption (m 3 /tonne of paper produced) at French paper and cardboard production sites has fallen considerably: taking all types of paper and cardboard together, it was around 80 m 3 /t in 1974, and is now less than 16 m 3 /t today. To achieve this situation, the paper industry has had to develop solutions to recycle process water laden with suspended solids, soluble and colloidal matter, both organic and inorganic. This has been made possible by research and the development of new, ever more efficient equipment. It's also the fruit of the industry's colossal investments in process optimization and environmental protection.
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KEYWORDS
Good practice guide | state of art | Paper and Paperboard | water management | Best available techniques | Paper and Paperboard making
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Water management for paper and board production
Bibliography
Websites
Guides for the implementation of self-monitoring and "Regular discharge monitoring". http://www.pays-de-la-loire.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/vade-mecum_autosurveillance_cle2c557f.pdf
Standards and norms
- Water quality: determination of suspended solids – Glass fiber filtration method - NF EN 872 AFNOR -
- Qualité de l'eau : détermination de la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO) - NF T 90-101 AFNOR -
- Qualité de l'eau : détermination de la demande biologique en oxygène après 5 jours (DBO5) - NF EN 1899-1 AFNOR -
- Water quality – Kjeldahl nitrogen determination – Method after selenium mineralization...
Regulations
Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions, known as the "IED Directive".
Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC).
Decree of April 3, 2000 concerning the paper industry.
Circular dated May 16, 2007: updating of prefectoral decrees authorizing the operation of installations covered by headings 2430 and/or 2440...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
PETAX filter http://www.kadant.com/fr/
ALGAS microfilter http://algas.no/
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