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3. Clear water applications in paper mills
3.1 Power generation
Energy in paper mills is used in the form of steam and electricity.
Steam is mainly used for steam boxes, drying cylinders and starch cooking (figure 2 ). It can also be used to heat fibrous suspensions by direct injection. It is produced from condensate returning from the drying cylinders and from a clear water make-up to compensate for steam losses and boiler blowdown. The water required for steam production requires advanced treatment with softeners (filter and ion exchange resins) or demineralization chains (filter and reverse osmosis).
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Clear water applications in paper mills
Bibliography
Websites
Guides for the implementation of self-monitoring and "Regular discharge monitoring". http://www.pays-de-la-loire.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/vade-mecum_autosurveillance_cle2c557f.pdf
Standards and norms
- Water quality: determination of suspended solids – Glass fiber filtration method - NF EN 872 AFNOR -
- Qualité de l'eau : détermination de la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO) - NF T 90-101 AFNOR -
- Qualité de l'eau : détermination de la demande biologique en oxygène après 5 jours (DBO5) - NF EN 1899-1 AFNOR -
- Water quality – Kjeldahl nitrogen determination – Method after selenium mineralization...
Regulations
Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions, known as the "IED Directive".
Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC).
Decree of April 3, 2000 concerning the paper industry.
Circular dated May 16, 2007: updating of prefectoral decrees authorizing the operation of installations covered by headings 2430 and/or 2440...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
PETAX filter http://www.kadant.com/fr/
ALGAS microfilter http://algas.no/
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