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1. Wine industry effluents
Throughout the various stages of wine production (harvest reception, vinification, racking, filtration, tartaric stabilization, packaging), wastewater (wine effluent) is generated by washing and cleaning equipment and installations (figure 1 ).
Wine-making by-products (pomace and lees) are transformed by wine distilleries into a variety of products: alcohol and brandies, calcium tartrate, colorants (anthocyanin extracts), proanthocyanidols, composts, with the production of wastewater (vinasse from lees, piquettes and wines) (figure 1 ).
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Wine industry effluents
Nature and origin of malodorous compounds
References
Regulations
Arrêté du 2 février 1998 (Journal Officiel du 3 mars 1998) relatif aux prélèvements et à la consommation d'eau ainsi que aux émissions de toute nature des installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement soumises à autorisation.
Arrêté du 3 mai 2000 (Journal Officiel du 8 juillet 2000) relatif aux prescriptions applicables aux installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement...
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