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1. Basic manual handling systems
These instruments include gauges, calipers, toises, saber rulers and ribbons.
The prototype is the oil level dipstick in an engine crankcase, with two lines: high and low.
Industrial gauges, sometimes of rudimentary manufacture, are scarcely more complicated. A rigid graduated ruler is immersed in the liquid up to a fixed stop, the bottom of the reservoir in the most basic case, and the geometric height of the liquid is read off a scale, in situ if possible, otherwise by removing the ruler and marking the wetted height.
For tall containers, an easier-to-handle variant consists of a weighted ribbon wound onto a drum and unfurled.
Rigid gauges are mainly used for liquids, but they can also be used to measure the level of powdery or granular products...
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Basic manual handling systems
Weighing measurement systems
Bibliography
Websites
Online course on level measurement using radar technology :
https://academy-online.krohne.com/elearning/fr/cours/mesure-de-niveau-radar/
Engineer's Garage: level sensors :
...Standards and norms
- Radiation protection – Sealed radioactive sources – General requirements and classification - ISO 2919 - 2012
- Tanks for transporting hazardous materials – Tank service equipment – Fill limiters for liquid petroleum fuels - NF EN 13922 - 2011
The catalog of Iso and Afnor standards can be consulted online on the Afnor website: http://www.afnor.fr
...Regulations
Arrêté du 8 juillet 2003 relatif au contrôle métrologique des récipients-mesures. NOR : INDI0301736A
Decision no. 09.00.110.003.1 of October 21, 2009 relating to calibration resources in the field of static and dynamic liquid measurement.
Arrêté du 24 mars 2009 relatif aux jaugeurs. NOR : ECEI0906617A
Decree no. 2002-460 of April 4, 2002 on the general...
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Apave: https://www.apave.com
French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN): https://www.asn.fr
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC): https://www.cenelec.eu
Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS): https://www.ineris.fr...
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