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6. Sound wave and ultrasonic measurement systems
This method of measuring true levels without contact with the product, based on the reflection of a sound or ultrasound wave on the product/gas interface, was long considered promising, but difficult. A better understanding of the phenomena involved and the advent of more sophisticated electronics (notably microprocessor-based) have enabled us to master the problems and produce perfectly reliable installations.
6.1 Characteristics of sound and ultrasound waves
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Sound wave and ultrasonic measurement systems
Microwave systems
Bibliography
Websites
Online course on level measurement using radar technology :
https://academy-online.krohne.com/elearning/fr/cours/mesure-de-niveau-radar/
Engineer's Garage: level sensors :
...Standards and norms
- Radiation protection – Sealed radioactive sources – General requirements and classification - ISO 2919 - 2012
- Tanks for transporting hazardous materials – Tank service equipment – Fill limiters for liquid petroleum fuels - NF EN 13922 - 2011
The catalog of Iso and Afnor standards can be consulted online on the Afnor website: http://www.afnor.fr
...Regulations
Arrêté du 8 juillet 2003 relatif au contrôle métrologique des récipients-mesures. NOR : INDI0301736A
Decision no. 09.00.110.003.1 of October 21, 2009 relating to calibration resources in the field of static and dynamic liquid measurement.
Arrêté du 24 mars 2009 relatif aux jaugeurs. NOR : ECEI0906617A
Decree no. 2002-460 of April 4, 2002 on the general...
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European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC): https://www.cenelec.eu
Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS): https://www.ineris.fr...
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