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4. Optical effect systems
4.1 Measuring principle
A light beam (wavelength λ: from ultraviolet λ > 50 nm to infrared λ < 1 mm) can be interrupted, deflected, refracted, reflected, attenuated or scattered when an obstacle, such as a liquid or bulk solid, gets in its way: all these phenomena can offer a solution for detecting an interface.
The simplest system, with beam shielding, consists of a light source, the medium to be analyzed and the receiver-detector. In addition, transparent windows are required for liquids or bulk products. A filter can be interposed to work on a narrow wavelength range and thus increase the selectivity of the method.
Daylight, with its broad spectrum, is a disturbing factor, as is ambient lighting. Many optical systems are all...
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Optical effect systems
Electrical capacitance measurement systems
Bibliography
Websites
Online course on level measurement using radar technology :
https://academy-online.krohne.com/elearning/fr/cours/mesure-de-niveau-radar/
Engineer's Garage: level sensors :
...Standards and norms
- Radiation protection – Sealed radioactive sources – General requirements and classification - ISO 2919 - 2012
- Tanks for transporting hazardous materials – Tank service equipment – Fill limiters for liquid petroleum fuels - NF EN 13922 - 2011
The catalog of Iso and Afnor standards can be consulted online on the Afnor website: http://www.afnor.fr
...Regulations
Arrêté du 8 juillet 2003 relatif au contrôle métrologique des récipients-mesures. NOR : INDI0301736A
Decision no. 09.00.110.003.1 of October 21, 2009 relating to calibration resources in the field of static and dynamic liquid measurement.
Arrêté du 24 mars 2009 relatif aux jaugeurs. NOR : ECEI0906617A
Decree no. 2002-460 of April 4, 2002 on the general...
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European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC): https://www.cenelec.eu
Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS): https://www.ineris.fr...
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