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ABSTRACT
Flyash, just like ash from the fireplace, is a coal combustion residue in thermal power stations using this type of combustible material for the production of electricity. The importance of the production of ash is strongly linked to the energy policy of the concerned country. Flyash, an industrial by-product, is available in large quantities worldwide but in much lesser proportions in France. This article starts by presenting the operating processes of the power stations. It then details the nature, properties and various categories of flyash produced in order to ensure the appropriate usage.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Pierre ROSSI: Doctorate in geology. Geotechnical manager of the "Grands Travaux de Terrassement (Razel)" unit.
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Ludovic GAVOIS: Manager of VINCI Construction's geotechnical department – Terrassement
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Guy RAOUL: Engineer from the École spéciale des Travaux publics; former Director of GTM Construction - Currently Chairman of the French Earthworks Standardization Committee
INTRODUCTION
Fly ash is the residue of coal combustion in thermal power plants.
Presentations on fly ash are the subject of three articles:
the present article
[C 5 373] article
[C 5 374] article
[C 5 375]
Here, we first describe the processes involved in power plant operation and ash recovery, which determine the different categories of ash produced with a view to their use. We then turn to the production sites.
The scale of ash production depends on the energy policy of the country concerned. Industrial by-products, such as fly ash, are available in large quantities worldwide, but in much smaller proportions in France.
Worldwide, coal –, whose reserves are still extremely large –, is the main resource used to generate electricity.
In France, only around 4% of electricity is currently generated by coal-fired power plants. Since French resources have been depleted, coal has been imported from various countries to meet these needs.
The economic stakes must not, however, overshadow those of the environment, which are of paramount importance. The modernization of thermal power plants and new "clean coal" techniques are helping to reduce the polluting effects of coal combustion.
Fly ash has remarkable characteristics, such as its pozzolanic power, which we describe at the end of this article. These properties...
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Use of industrial by-products – Fly ash
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Bibliography
Also in our database
Websites
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ADEME
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DRIRE
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EDF – Flame thermal energy – Generation sites in France
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Events
International Ash Utilization Symposium – Healths aspect of Coal Fly Ash. The International Ash Utilization Symposium is held every 2 years. It is organized by the University of Kentucky Applied Energy Research Center and the U.S. Department of Energy.
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2nd "Earthworks in Europe" symposium
This 2nd Colloquium will be held in London on June 3-4, 2009. It follows...
Standards and norms
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French reference standards
- Exécution des terrassements. Classification des matériaux utilisables dans la construction des remblais et des couches de forme d'infrastructure routière. - NF P11-300 - Septembre 1992
- Exécution des terrassements Terminologie. - NF P11-301 - Décembre 1994
- Liants hydrauliques. Ciments courants. Compositions, spécifications et critères...
Regulations
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Extracts from legislative references
Article L. 511-1 of the French Environment Code. The provisions of this title apply to factories, workshops, warehouses, construction sites and, in general, installations operated or owned by any natural or legal person, public or private, which may present dangers or inconveniences either for the convenience of the...
Statistical and economic data
European Commission – Directorate-General for Energy and Transport.
Conventional energies – Coal and oil – EU imports of hard coal from third countries for power plants in 2000-2001.
Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Industrie et de l'Emploi, DGEMP, 24/06/2008.
Coal: main provisional results for 2007. DGEMP/Observatoire de l'énergie. June...
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