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7. Geotechnical characteristics of fly ash
7.1 Granularity
The material takes the form of a powder with a particle size ranging from 0.5 to 315 µ .m. Blaine fineness (specific surface area) is high, generally in excess of 2,000 cm 2 /g (not far from conventional cements), and even in excess of 10,000 cm 2 /g in the case of certain CFL ashes.
In the case of silica-alumina ashes, it should be noted that, in order to be used in road construction, the passings at 40 and 80 µ.m (cf. standard XP P 18-545 March 2008, which replaces the experimental standard XP P 18-545, February 2004 edition, fascicule NF X 11-640 is still current) must be respectively greater than 40 and 70% (cf. standard NF EN 14 227 – Part 3, February...
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Geotechnical characteristics of fly ash
Geotechnical classification of fly ash according to GTR
Bibliography
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Websites
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ADEME
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EDF – Flame thermal energy – Generation sites in France
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Events
International Ash Utilization Symposium – Healths aspect of Coal Fly Ash. The International Ash Utilization Symposium is held every 2 years. It is organized by the University of Kentucky Applied Energy Research Center and the U.S. Department of Energy.
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2nd "Earthworks in Europe" symposium
This 2nd Colloquium will be held in London on June 3-4, 2009. It follows...
Standards and norms
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French reference standards
- Exécution des terrassements. Classification des matériaux utilisables dans la construction des remblais et des couches de forme d'infrastructure routière. - NF P11-300 - Septembre 1992
- Exécution des terrassements Terminologie. - NF P11-301 - Décembre 1994
- Liants hydrauliques. Ciments courants. Compositions, spécifications et critères...
Regulations
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Extracts from legislative references
Article L. 511-1 of the French Environment Code. The provisions of this title apply to factories, workshops, warehouses, construction sites and, in general, installations operated or owned by any natural or legal person, public or private, which may present dangers or inconveniences either for the convenience of the...
Statistical and economic data
European Commission – Directorate-General for Energy and Transport.
Conventional energies – Coal and oil – EU imports of hard coal from third countries for power plants in 2000-2001.
Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Industrie et de l'Emploi, DGEMP, 24/06/2008.
Coal: main provisional results for 2007. DGEMP/Observatoire de l'énergie. June...
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