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3. Binarized Fresnel lens (or zoned grating)
We have already seen (§ 2 ) that the pinhole remains a limited optical component in terms of aperture and focusing power. To improve these two points, a surface can be coded using a succession of circular rings alternately opaque and transparent, or alternately etched and unetched (the etched and unetched areas having a phase difference of π). The various zones are distributed or etched so that transmitted light interferes constructively...
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Binarized Fresnel lens (or zoned grating)
Photon screens and the antisymmetric phase grating
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The study of binary optics is an old discipline and belongs to the toolbox of the researcher/engineer who can revisit these concepts according to his or her application needs. The bulk of current work in photolithography is in the field of nanotechnology and plasmonics, which are not covered in this article. The teams mentioned below have published papers that inspired this article, or their work is known to the authors. Nevertheless,...
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