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1. Main reaction, catalysts and reagents
1.1 Main reaction
The most typical alkylation reaction is the addition of isobutane to butenes to give isooctane :
This is an exothermic reaction, which takes place at low temperatures (10 to 40°C) in the presence of acid catalysts.
Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain product formation. All are based on reactions mediated by carbonium ions.
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The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Main reaction, catalysts and reagents
Alkylation reaction diagram
Bibliography
Bibliography
Regulations
We refer the reader to the regulations on highly concentrated HF and H 2 SO 4 acids.
Directory
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DuPont Stratco http://www.2.dupont.com
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Statistical and economic data
Alkylation developed mainly in North America, where demand for synthetic gasolines was much higher than in Europe. Of a total of 46 Mt in 1982, over 85% (39 Mt) was manufactured in North America. In 2008, North America still accounted for the majority of alkylation capacity, with 47 Mt, or 58% of worldwide capacity.
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