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2. Alkylation reaction diagram
2.1 Main reaction
The alkylation of an olefin by an isoparaffin is an exothermic reaction with a reduction in the number of molecules. It can be carried out without a catalyst, but under very severe conditions of temperature (500°C) and pressure (200 to 400 bar, i.e. 20 to 40 MPa). Industrially, alkylation is carried out at low temperatures (10 to 40°C) in the presence of acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. A large number of researchers have proposed various hypotheses to explain the formation of products during the alkylation of olefins with isobutane
The reaction scheme for the alkylation...
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This article is included in
Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Alkylation reaction diagram
Industrial implementation of HF and H2SO4 processes
Bibliography
Bibliography
Regulations
We refer the reader to the regulations on highly concentrated HF and H 2 SO 4 acids.
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Statistical and economic data
Alkylation developed mainly in North America, where demand for synthetic gasolines was much higher than in Europe. Of a total of 46 Mt in 1982, over 85% (39 Mt) was manufactured in North America. In 2008, North America still accounted for the majority of alkylation capacity, with 47 Mt, or 58% of worldwide capacity.
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