Article | REF: C5362 V1

Treatment of materials

Authors: Pierre ROSSI, Ludovic GAVOIS, Guy RAOUL

Publication date: February 10, 2007

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ABSTRACT

The technique of soil treatment has notably allowed for the implementation of large highway sites or airport runways. This technique is now used for subgrades and mixtures of fine soils. After a preamble, this article presents the materials which are suitable for treatment (be they soils, rocks, organic soils or industrial by-products). The various treatments are extensively explained via the products used: quicklime, hydraulic binders and mixed treatments. Other aspects are also dealt with, such as equipment, the protection of the environment, safety and implementation techniques.

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AUTHORS

  • Pierre ROSSI: Doctorate in geology. Geotechnical manager of the "Grands Travaux de Terrassement (Razel)" unit.

  • Ludovic GAVOIS: Geotechnical department manager (GTM Terrassement)

  • Guy RAOUL: Engineer from the École spéciale des travaux publics, - Former Director of GTM Construction, coordinator of this project

 INTRODUCTION

Soil treatment has been used in France since the 1960s.

Up until the 1970s, the main focus was on the reuse of water-sensitive and/or wet soils as fill, notably during the construction of major freeway link programs in northern, eastern and western France, and the construction of runways and aprons at Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport (figure 1 ).

Subsequently, the technique was extended to the creation of subgrades, starting with the reuse of fine soils, more particularly silts, then progressively a wider and wider range of materials such as clayey gravels, or even mixtures of fine soils with blocky elements or natural gravels.

In 1972, the LCPC and Setra drew up their first guide: "Recommandation pour le traitement des sols fins à la chaux" ("Recommendations for treating fine soils with lime").

Lime backfill treatment [A36 – Beaune-Dôle (1979)]
Figure 1  -  Lime backfill treatment [A36 – Beaune-Dôle (1979)]

The GTS technical guide "Traitement des sols à la chaux et/ou aux liants hydrauliques (Application à la réalisation des remblais et des couches de forme)", the most comprehensive existing guide on the subject (published in 2000), is a coherent complement to the GTR guide, both drawn up by LCPC and Setra. Like the GTR, it was developed with the participation of various industry players (CETE engineers, project owners, prime contractors, earthworks contractors).

Other guides and specifications are also worth mentioning:

  • "catalog des structures types de chaussées neuves" 1998 (LCPC and Setra);

  • LGV civil engineering standards currently being revised by SNCF ;

  • technical specification no. 590.B published in 1999 (SNCF) ;

  • Manuel de conception des chaussées d'autoroutes" technical guide, reissued in 2005 (Scetauroute);

  • ...

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