1. The basics

History of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

Key dates in the history of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

1839: The "fuel cell effect" Sir William Grove, a 19th-century English barrister, philosopher and chemist, developed one of the first fuel cells, using his own money and large quantities of platinum kindly supplied by Johnson Matthey.

1889, Ludwig Mond and Carl Langer were the first to give the fuel cell its name and present form: cells connected in series by bipolar plates. They were able to achieve currents of 2 to 2.5 A (approx. 3 mA/cm ² ) for a surface area of 700 cm ² at a cell voltage of around 0.73 V and a total platinum loading of 1 g platinum black (i.e. 1.43 mg platinum per cm ^2...

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The basics

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page Fuel Cells applied to Electric Mobility. Hydrogen Mobility

On-board PEMFC fuel cell generator dedicated to mobility

Bibliography

(1) - GRIMES (P.G.) - Historic pathways for fuel cells – The new electric century. - IEEE AES Systems Magazine, p. 7-10 (2000).
(2) - MOND (L.), LANGER (C.) - A new form of gas battery. - Phil. Mag., vol. 46, p. 296-304 (1889)....

Standards and norms

Hydrogen fuel – Product specification – Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles. - ISO/TS 14687-2 - 2012
Hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas mixtures – Fuel tanks for land vehicles. - ISO/TS 15869 - 2009
Considérations fondamentales pour la sécurité des systèmes à l'hydrogène. - ISO/TR 15916 - 2004
Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in a reversible...

Regulations

In addition to the traditional type-approval rules for combustion-powered vehicles and the rules relating to the electrification of the propulsion system, fuel cell vehicles are subject to specific European regulations, such as EC 79/2009 and its implementing directive 406/2010. These two regulations require proof of the hydrogen system's operational safety. They also require "type-approval" for the most sensitive components...