3. Hydrogen for transportation

While it is now possible to state that the oxidizer for fuel cells on board electric vehicles will be air (compressed or otherwise), the nature of the fuel, which was much less certain 10 years ago, has now been clearly identified: it's hydrogen, and green if possible. Indeed, even if there are few doubts as to the gas reacting on the anode catalysts (hydrogen), the form in which the hydrogen will be carried and stored on board a vehicle will depend on its use and the hydrogen distribution network. Several solutions currently exist for storing hydrogen in its molecular form, whatever its physical state. On the other hand, producing it on demand in the vehicle from the chemical transformation of an alcohol, hydrocarbon or hydride is no longer possible in view of the tightening of standards regulating pollutant emissions and CO ₂ from vehicles,...

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Hydrogen for transportation

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Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the market

Bibliography

(1) - GRIMES (P.G.) - Historic pathways for fuel cells – The new electric century. - IEEE AES Systems Magazine, p. 7-10 (2000).
(2) - MOND (L.), LANGER (C.) - A new form of gas battery. - Phil. Mag., vol. 46, p. 296-304 (1889)....

Standards and norms

Hydrogen fuel – Product specification – Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles. - ISO/TS 14687-2 - 2012
Hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas mixtures – Fuel tanks for land vehicles. - ISO/TS 15869 - 2009
Considérations fondamentales pour la sécurité des systèmes à l'hydrogène. - ISO/TR 15916 - 2004
Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in a reversible...

Regulations

In addition to the traditional type-approval rules for combustion-powered vehicles and the rules relating to the electrification of the propulsion system, fuel cell vehicles are subject to specific European regulations, such as EC 79/2009 and its implementing directive 406/2010. These two regulations require proof of the hydrogen system's operational safety. They also require "type-approval" for the most sensitive components...