1. Traceability
The ISO definition of traceability states that the history of events in the life of a product must be traceable at any time by means of recorded information. This means identifying a good, a service or a person, and associating the events that have transformed it over time. These events can themselves be identified and therefore traced.
Good traceability must be continuous and unbroken. As in any chain, a weak link lowers the overall level of performance.
Traceability takes different forms depending on the application: logistics, food safety, health safety, counterfeiting, falsification, deconstruction, recycling, etc. The choice of architecture and technology depends on the issues at stake.
Traceability is based on three functions: identify, authenticate and locate. A range of associated services is linked to these...
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Traceability
Why undertake a traceability initiative?
Economic data
The French market for human identification techniques – or biometrics – broke down as follows in 2006 (source APS magazine):
fingerprint: 48% ;
facial morphology: 12% ;
palm imprint: 11% ;
iris: 9% ;
voice recognition: 6%.
...
Bibliography
References
Standardization
- Technical prevention and deterrence in the fight against counterfeiting (protection of intellectual property rights) – Specification of a generic framework describing product authentication, traceability and control arrangements dedicated to anti-counterfeiting - AC Z60-100 - 02-06
- Quality management systems – Basic principles and vocabulary - ISO 9000 - 2005
- Management environnemental (série de normes) - ISO 14000...
Regulations
Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 28, 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety, OJ L31, 1 er December 2002.
Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council...
Organizations
Association française de normalisation (Afnor) http://www.afnor.fr
Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) http://www.cnil.fr
EPCglobal http://www.epcglobalinc.org
...Manufacturers, designers
(non-exhaustive list)
ATT Advanced Track & Trace http://www.att-fr.com
Nano-H http://www.nano-h.com
Newtone http://www.newtone.fr
...
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