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1. Industrial processes and cooling
The production of electricity, steel, paper, processed foodstuffs, petrochemicals and chemicals all require energy for changes of state and transformations of raw materials. Cooling is the next stage in these transformations, returning these materials to a solid or liquid state compatible with their handling in a continuous process.
The quality of cooling is one of the fundamental parameters for the proper management of production units, their production capacity, the quality of finished products and the reduction of maintenance costs. The exchange efficiency of a cooling circuit is one of the fundamental elements of a production manager's dashboard. A low level of corrosion reassures investors about the long-term viability of the plant.
To these purely economic criteria have been added health and environmental constraints which, if not...
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Industrial processes and cooling
Make-up water
Bibliography
Websites
Cooling towers http://www.picardie.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/.../GUIDECETIAT_cle6fa…
Solubility products http://www.periodni.com/fr/constantes_du_produit_de_solubilite.html
...Standards and norms
- Water quality – Legionella enumeration - ISO 11731 - 2017
- Water quality – Detection and quantification of Legionella spp. and/or Legionella pneumophila by gene concentration and amplification using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) - ISO/TS 12869 - 2019
- Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosion and scaling of industrial water cooling circuits – Part 1: Guidelines for pilot evaluation of anticorrosion...
Regulations
Regulation n° 9872008 of October 8, 2008 amending Annexes IV and V of Regulation (EC) n° 19072006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) (OJEU n° L 268 of October 9, 2008)
Regulation (EU) No. 528/2012 of May 22, 2012 concerning the placing on the market and use of biocidal products (OJEU No. L 167 of...
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