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3. Cooling systems
The cooling circuit comprises all the equipment required to circulate water in the system to be cooled (pumps), exchange heat with the medium to be cooled (plate or tubular exchangers, etc.), and exchange heat with the surrounding environment (cooling tower, chiller).
3.1 Cooling circuit types
There are three types of cooling circuits:
Direct flow" open circuits, in which all pumped water is returned to the natural environment after use as a heat recovery fluid, without evaporation. This type of circuit is suitable for plants using seawater as a coolant, and rarely for plants using surface water. The availability of seawater explains its use in open circuits, although...
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Bibliography
Websites
Cooling towers http://www.picardie.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/.../GUIDECETIAT_cle6fa…
Solubility products http://www.periodni.com/fr/constantes_du_produit_de_solubilite.html
...Standards and norms
- Water quality – Legionella enumeration - ISO 11731 - 2017
- Water quality – Detection and quantification of Legionella spp. and/or Legionella pneumophila by gene concentration and amplification using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) - ISO/TS 12869 - 2019
- Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosion and scaling of industrial water cooling circuits – Part 1: Guidelines for pilot evaluation of anticorrosion...
Regulations
Regulation n° 9872008 of October 8, 2008 amending Annexes IV and V of Regulation (EC) n° 19072006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) (OJEU n° L 268 of October 9, 2008)
Regulation (EU) No. 528/2012 of May 22, 2012 concerning the placing on the market and use of biocidal products (OJEU No. L 167 of...
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