Overview
![](/assets/images/picto-drapeau-france-3a76576a5d60a512053b4612ab58dae5.png)
ABSTRACT
Mobility has continued to increase in the twentieth century, as efficient means of transportation, such as the car, have developed and become the preferred mode of travel in Western countries in general and particularly in France. This article provides an overview of the French freedom of movement policy. Initially developed to increase mobility, travel policies had to integrate the resulting environmental impact, economic impact and social inequalities: it is the emergence of alternative mobility.
Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHOR
-
Stéphane L'HOMEL: Ecomobility Project Manager, City of Metz
INTRODUCTION
Mobility only increased in the 20th century, as increasingly efficient means of transport and modern, safe infrastructures were developed. Emblematic of the conquest of individual freedom, the car became the most widely used mode of transport in Western countries in general, and in France in particular.
However, this boom in mobility has not been without consequences for our environment and our economies. High emitters of CO 2 , road modes contribute to nearly a quarter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in France. Traffic growth is also causing congestion and saturation in urban centers, particularly at peak times. As a result, environmental impacts are followed by economic difficulties in congested cities.
Finally, at the dawn of the 21st century, social inequalities are appearing, with the ability of the middle and lower classes to get around exacerbated by rising fuel costs.
Alternative mobility policies are born in this context.
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!
Already subscribed? Log in!
![](/assets/images/logo-eti-286623ed91fa802ce039246e516e5852.png)
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
KEYWORDS
Regulations | panorama | sustainable development | mobility
This article is included in
Environment
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Human mobility policies in France: context, regulations and implementation
Bibliography
Regulations
Law no. 82-1153 of December 30, 1982 on the orientation of domestic transport.
Law no. 96-1236 of December 30, 1996 on air and the rational use of energy.
Law no. 2000-1208 of December 13, 2000 on urban solidarity and renewal.
Decree no. 2012-280 of February 28, 2012 on the "car-sharing" label.
Websites
Grenelle de l'environnement
https://www.vie-publique.fr/eclairage/268585-le-grenelle-de-lenvironnement-quels-engagements
(page consulted on April 6, 2012)
National Sustainable Development Strategy – Challenge 5
Directory
Organizations - Associations - Federations
French Environment and Energy Management Agency
Exclusive to subscribers. 97% yet to be discovered!
You do not have access to this resource.
Click here to request your free trial access!
Already subscribed? Log in!
![](/assets/images/logo-eti-286623ed91fa802ce039246e516e5852.png)
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference