Overview
FrançaisABSTRACT
Imaging is a technique used in various fields related to fluid mechanics. It allows the measurement of geometric parameters such as size and shape, as well as scalar field variables like temperature, pH, and mixture.
This article provides an overview digital imaging and its application in fluid mechanics. It presents the main experimental setups used and their implementation. The aspects of signal processing and information management, crucial in this context, are also addressed. Finally, the article illustrates the potential of the technique through several examples of applications emphasizing coupling and ultra-fast imaging.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Sébastien CAZIN: CNRS Research Engineer - IMFT (UMR 5502: CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université UT3 Paul Sabatier), France
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Gilles GODARD: CNRS Research Engineer - UMR 6614/CORIA, CNRS/INSA and University of Rouen, Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France
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Fabrice LAMADIE: CEA Research Director - CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, France
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Pierre SLANGEN: Professor - EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, France
INTRODUCTION
Over the centuries, mankind has observed flows through natural phenomena (clouds, smoke, algae...) and created various representations to try and understand their phenomenology. We all remember certain drawings and iconographies by Leonardo da Vinci or Giovanni Battista Venturi, which depict areas of turbulence, or the release of vortices using hand-drawn streamlines. These representations, initially highly qualitative, gradually gave way, over time and with technological progress, to more quantitative characterizations: velocity measurements, trajectographies, tracking of objects in flows, fluid-structure interactions, concentration and temperature measurements, etc., supported by imaging and visualization.
Today, flow characterization in fluid mechanics calls on a wide range of measurement techniques, enabling the exploration of numerous spatial and temporal scales. Among these, imaging-based techniques are undoubtedly among the most fundamental, and they have naturally enjoyed a boom due to their non-intrusive nature and their ability to observe flows at different scales.
Imaging, initially analog, gave way to digital imaging and computer-assisted image processing in the 1980s, bringing this technique into the realm of metrological techniques. The parallel emergence of lasers opened the door to the coupling of techniques and the non-intrusive measurement of increasingly complex flows, particularly multiphase flows. Today, the emergence of artificial intelligence methods, which are revolutionizing imaging and image processing, augurs an even richer future for this technique.
This article presents the state-of-the-art in imaging techniques for fluid mechanics measurement. It begins by describing the different types of experimental set-ups based on imaging, with a detailed description of the equipment encountered and a few reference examples. Next, the issue of signal processing leading to the extraction of quantitative physical information in flows is discussed. Finally, examples drawn from a number of recent research projects are presented for illustrative purposes.
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KEYWORDS
imaging | signal processing | fluorescence | Fluid mechanics | shadowgraphy | scalar fields
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Imaging techniques for fluid mechanics measurement
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