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1. Biofilm: microbial reservoir
Bacteria have the ability to adhere to and multiply on various inert substrates (open surfaces, internal surfaces of water pipes or air ducts, materials, equipment, products, etc.) to form, with the recruitment of other micro-organisms, a biofilm or fixed cellular ecosystem. The biofilm on inert supports is fed and constantly maintained by micro-organisms transmitted by air, water, people or another inert support
Biofilm formation on an inert support generally involves three major stages (figure
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Biofilm: microbial reservoir
Surface contamination
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Cleanrooms and related controlled environments. Biocontamination control – Part 1: General principles and methods - NF EN ISO 14698-1 - 03-04
- Health care facilities – Controlled environment zones. Requirements for airborne contamination control - NF S90-351 - 04-13
- Indoor air – Part 16: Mould detection and enumeration – Filtration sampling - NF ISO 16000-16 - 2009
- Indoor air – Part 17: Mould detection...
Regulations
European Good Manufacturing Practice (EuGMP). Specific guideline: LD.1 Manufacture of sterile medicinal products
European Pharmacopoeia 0169. 8th edition. Specifications for water for injections
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