Overview
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ABSTRACT
Green chemistry reduces hazardous and toxic substances. Reactive solvents, generally used in large quantities belong to this category of hazardous substances. Alternative solvents such as water have been proposed but the best solvent from an ecological viewpoint remains the absence of solvents. In a process, the usage of solvents is implemented at various stages: synthesis, purification and the cleaning of equipment. The methods presented in this article allow for the suppression of solvents in chemical synthesis processes.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Evelina COLACINO: Lecturer at the University of Montpellier 2
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Jean MARTINEZ: Professor at the University of Montpellier 1
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Frédéric LAMATY: Research Director, CNRS - Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, UMR 5247 CNRS - University of Montpellier 1 & 2
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Max MALACRIA
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Jean-Philippe GODDARD
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Cyril OLLIVIER: UPCM, University of Paris VI, Organic Chemistry Laboratory (UMR CNRS 7611), Institute of Molecular Chemistry (FR 2769)
INTRODUCTION
The aim of green chemistry is to design chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and synthesis of hazardous and toxic substances. Chemistry "thought differently", accompanying changes in concepts and practices, will contribute to economically efficient and sustainable development. Consequently, new synthesis processes must include an ecological component. Part of chemistry's contribution to sustainable development is to reduce the quantity of by-products of chemical reactions and toxic waste. Reaction solvents, which are generally used in large quantities, fall into this category.
Many organic solvents are harmful from an ecological and public health point of view, and dangerous because they are often volatile and flammable. Alternative solvents have been proposed, such as water, ionic liquids or supercritical CO 2 . However, the best solvent from an ecological point of view remains the absence of solvent, especially as once the usual dogma ("no reaction without solvent") has been overcome, it has been observed that the absence of solvent can be beneficial for the progress of a reaction. What's more, in some cases, one of the reagents, which is liquid, can act as a solvent for the reaction.
In a process, solvents are used at various stages: synthesis, purification and cleaning of equipment (such as reactors, for example). In this article, we focus on methods for eliminating solvents from chemical synthesis processes.
On the toxic effects of solvents and green chemistry, the reader is invited to consult the following references and in .
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Bibliography
References
Websites
http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/gcn/
Standards – Regulations
French National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
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American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute ®
http://www.acs.org/greenchemistry
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