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Article | REF: TRI150 V1

Scratch Testing

Authors: Guillaume BERTHOUT, Nicholas X. RANDALL

Publication date: September 10, 2017, Review date: May 28, 2021

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1. First developments

The first mention of scratch testing as a qualitative method of measuring coating adhesion dates back to the 1950s by Heavens who, applying a constant load to the surface of a coating via a penetrator, observed surface damage that caused delamination of the film. The applied loads that created this specific damage (cracking, delamination) are defined as "critical" loads. Subsequent work by Benjamin and Weaver in the 1960s led to a model linking this notion of critical load to the embrittlement of the layer-substrate system.

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