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ABSTRACT
The recent massive first-time exposure to nanoparticles in our daily lives raises the issue of possible health hazards and their assessment. After a description of the growing use of nanomaterials, the article presents the different exposure typologies and the methods used to characterize emissions caused by nanomaterial wear, which could improve prevention of potential adverse health effects. The last part describes nanosafety methods to prevent or limit release.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Martin MORGENEYER: Doctorate in engineering, HDR, teacher-researcher - Sorbonne University, TIMR Laboratory, Compiègne, France - Chairman of the Characterization of Particulate Systems working group of the European Federation for Chemical Engineering (EFCE)
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Christophe BRESSOT: Doctor of Chemistry - Design and research engineer at INERIS (Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques), Verneuil, France
INTRODUCTION
Characterizing nanomaterial emissions is a complex task. Are we talking about emissions into water or into the air? What are the shapes, sizes and compositions of the objects emitted? How can we characterize exposure? How can nanomaterials giving rise to emissions be solicited? What route of exposure can we suspect, or what toxicity might the emitted nanoparticle have? In addition to these general questions, there are the technical difficulties of characterizing emissions: a universal tool capable of exhaustively describing the objects emitted, whatever their size or shape, does not yet exist.
So, after describing as fully as possible the use of nanomaterials in our society, the aim of this article is to describe the state of the art in the characterization of emitted nanoparticles, from the point of view of both traditional methods and the latest technological advances. The inhalation route of exposure is generally considered to be the main one. Aerosol characterization methods are therefore the focus of this article. Devices capable of such characterization are described, and their limitations, where they exist, are also discussed. As exposure to nanoparticles is a growing source of concern, the article also presents the main principles of nanosafety. In this way, all industrialists interested in the subject can eventually appropriate these concepts in order to limit or even eliminate possible releases due to new materials.
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KEYWORDS
wear | nanoparticles | nanosafety | usure
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Context
Bibliography
Websites
Nanotechnology and Emerging Technologies News : https://www.nanowerk.com/
DTU Environment, the Danish Ecological Council and Danish Consumer Council : http://nanodb.dk/en/nanoriskcat/
Events
The biennial nanosafe conferences are a forum for exchange on nanosafety. The website is dedicated to the nanoSAFE conferences: http://www.cea.fr/cea-tech/pns/nanosafe/
Standards and norms
- Aerosol particle number concentration – Calibration of condensation particle counters, in, 2015, pp. 119 - ISO 27891 - 2015
- Nanotechnologies – Characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes using transmission electron microscopy - ISO/TS 10797 - 2012
- Nanotechnologies – Materials specifications – Guidance on specifying nano-objects - ISO TS 12805 - 2012
- Nanotechnologies – Determination of elemental...
Regulations
Decree no. 2012-232 of February 17, 2012 on the annual declaration of substances in the nanoparticulate state taken in application of article L. 523-4 of the Environmental Code.
JORF n° 0109 of May 10, 2017 text n° 72
Arrêté du 5 mai 2017 fixant les conditions d'étiquetage des nanomatériaux manufacturés dans les denrées alimentaires, NOR : ECFC1713814A, ELI :
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Measuring equipment dedicated, among other things, to particle measurement: http://www.tsi.com/
Measuring equipment dedicated, among other things, to particle measurement: http://www.intertek-france.com/chimie/analyses-particules/
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