Article | REF: M4586 V2

Tool steels

Author: Robert LÉVÊQUE

Publication date: March 10, 2013, Review date: November 25, 2020

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1. Liquid metal processing

In 2010, most tool steels are produced in arc furnaces. The induction furnace retains the advantage of flexibility, enabling small quantities to be produced, while the crucible furnace is on the way out.

1.1 Crucible melting

This technique, discovered in the 18th century, has survived to the present day. It does not allow for a refining operation to remove impurities such as sulfur or phosphorus. The crucible is reductive, but acidic, consisting of a mixture of graphite and siliceous earth. This calls for a rigorous choice of raw materials, which, if the melting process is well managed, ensures a much-appreciated consistency of quality.

The charge consists of Swedish iron, alloying elements and cast iron. The difficulty lies in adjusting...

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Liquid metal processing