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3. Structure refining
The only way to really refine the structure of tool steel products is to act on crystallization, i.e. to seek to reduce the segregation of alloying elements and carbon during solidification. The main means employed are
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devices used in conventional metallurgy :
ingot mould vibration,
stirring,
inoculation ;
slag and vacuum remelting processes, which are currently widely used to produce alloyed tool steels and high-speed steels;
prealloyed powder metallurgy, in the field of high-alloy steels (high-carbon cold tool steels and high-speed steels).
3.1 Means...
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Structure refining
Molded tools
Bibliography
Standardization
French Standards Agency (Afnor)
- Aciers à outils. - NF EN ISO 4957 - 05-00
- Steel designation systems – Part 1: symbolic designation. - NF EN 10027-1 - 11-05
- Steel designation systems – Part 2: digital systems. - NF EN 10027-2 - 11-92
- Steel products – Fracture determination of austenitic...
Organizations
Construire acier (ex OTUA)
French Mechanical Association (AFM)
Center technique des industries mécaniques (CETIM)
Suppliers (non-exhaustive list)
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Lists of suppliers can be obtained from the following trade associations (non-exhaustive lists).
Chamber of producers of fine and special steels (SPAS)
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