Overview
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ABSTRACT
Hazardous liquid industrial wastes are inevitable despite the existence of preventive measures to reduce them at the source. The treatment channels for these wastewaters have different objectives: allow their total or partial recycling, facilitate their material or energy recovery, allow their "eco-compatible" return to the environment or more, break them down, more or less completely, into more "harmless" chemical species.
These fields require the implementation of a wide variety of techniques from different scientific disciplines: thermal, mechanical, physical, chemistry, physical chemistry or biology. This article relates to chemical and physico-chemical techniques for the case of liquid hazardous waste from industry.
Read this article from a comprehensive knowledge base, updated and supplemented with articles reviewed by scientific committees.
Read the articleAUTHORS
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Valérie LAFOREST: Doctor, research director, - École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne, UMR CNRS 5600, EVS, Environnement, Ville et Société, France
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Jacques BOURGOIS: Doctor of Science, Professor Emeritus, - École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne, UMR CNRS 5600, EVS, Environnement, Ville et Société, France
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Robert HAUSLER: Doctor, Professor - École des Technologies supérieures de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
INTRODUCTION
Hazardous waste (article R. 541-8 of the French Environment Code) is characterized by a composition of toxic or dangerous elements that present risks for the environment and human health. It can be liquid, solid or gaseous, and comes from economic players, local authorities, industry or households. Hazardous waste represents 3% of the waste produced in France, with around 11 million tonnes in 2018 according to ADEME. Hazardous industrial waste falls into three categories: organic waste (e.g. paints, solvents, used oils), solid mineral waste (e.g. sludge, ash, combustion residues) and liquid mineral waste (e.g. acids, bases, mineral chemical solutions). The management of these wastes is subject to a specific regulatory framework emanating in particular from European directives such as the directive on industrial emissions. In France, the regulatory framework is included in the Environment Code. To achieve regulatory compliance, it is necessary to implement discharge treatment techniques. This article will focus more specifically on liquid hazardous industrial waste and the different types of chemical and physico-chemical treatment.
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KEYWORDS
hazardous industrial liquid waste | chemical treatment | physico-chemical treatment | techniques
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Unit operations. Chemical reaction engineering
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Chemical and physico-chemical treatment of liquid hazardous industrial effluents
Preliminary considerations
Bibliography
Regulations
Arrêté du 2 février 1998 relatif aux prélèvements et à la consommation d'eau ainsi que aux émissions de toute nature des installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement soumises à autorisation (JO du 3 mars 1998).
Order of April 9, 2019 amending the order of June 30, 2006 on surface treatment facilities subject to authorization under heading 2565 (metallic coating or surface treatment...
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