5. Water intakes
Intake design plays an important role in the ease of operation and service life of turbines.
The designer must take into account the amount of sediment transported by the watercourse, so as to create sand traps to prevent wear on pipes and wheels. In some cases, an overflow valve is required. Filtration grids must be mechanically dimensioned so as not to vibrate under the effect of flowing water, and to withstand pressure. In the event of clogging, they are stressed in the same way as a valve. The spacing of the bars, if not fixed for fish farming reasons, must under no circumstances allow the passage of floating or sunken bodies that could damage the impeller.
5.1 Role of bar screens
Bar screens are mechanical devices used to remove...
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Water intakes
Electric generators
Bibliography
References
Economic data
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Current situation
In 2000, some 1,700 independent private producers generated 7 TWh, i.e. 1.5% of French electricity production or 2% of national consumption, and 10% of French hydropower production. For the record, French consumption in 2000 was 424 TWh. EDF operates 550 sites with capacities ranging from 100 kW to 1,800 MW. Table
Installation and connection regulations
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Authorizations and decrees
In France, there are two procedures, depending on the size of the work required to develop a site on a watercourse:
authorization request for minor sites ;
concession applications for major sites.
Numerous...
Standardization
- Postes de livraison établis à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et alimentés par un réseau de distribution publique HTA (jusqu'à 33 kV) - NF C 13-100 - avr. 2001
- Installations de branchement à basse tension - NF C 14-100 - janv. 1998
Organizations
Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (Ademe) http://www.ademe.fr
Groupement des producteurs autonomes d'énergie hydroélectrique (GPAE) http://www.gpae.com.fr
Manufacturers (non-exhaustive list)
ESAC Énergie (Voight Siemens Hydro) http://www.eurocooIer.com/turbine.htm
Alstom Power http://www.power.alstom.com
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