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6. Electric generators
There are two types of generators in PCHs:
alternators (synchronous machines) for all power plants not connected to the grid;
asynchronous generators for those feeding into a powerful network.
Picocentrales (10 to 100 kW) are sometimes equipped with a DC machine or an asynchronous machine self-excited by capacitors. In this case, the number of capacitors and the load ensure voltage and frequency regulation.
Generators used in conjunction with hydraulic turbines must be mechanically dimensioned to withstand overspeeds corresponding to the runaway speed of the turbines. This runaway speed is between 1.8 and 3 times the rated speed. At present, this runaway ratio is close to 2. The asynchronous machine is, by design, easier to maintain than the synchronous...
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Electric generators
Operation
Bibliography
References
Economic data
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Current situation
In 2000, some 1,700 independent private producers generated 7 TWh, i.e. 1.5% of French electricity production or 2% of national consumption, and 10% of French hydropower production. For the record, French consumption in 2000 was 424 TWh. EDF operates 550 sites with capacities ranging from 100 kW to 1,800 MW. Table
Installation and connection regulations
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Authorizations and decrees
In France, there are two procedures, depending on the size of the work required to develop a site on a watercourse:
authorization request for minor sites ;
concession applications for major sites.
Numerous...
Standardization
- Postes de livraison établis à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et alimentés par un réseau de distribution publique HTA (jusqu'à 33 kV) - NF C 13-100 - avr. 2001
- Installations de branchement à basse tension - NF C 14-100 - janv. 1998
Organizations
Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (Ademe) http://www.ademe.fr
Groupement des producteurs autonomes d'énergie hydroélectrique (GPAE) http://www.gpae.com.fr
Manufacturers (non-exhaustive list)
ESAC Énergie (Voight Siemens Hydro) http://www.eurocooIer.com/turbine.htm
Alstom Power http://www.power.alstom.com
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