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3. Types of bitumen
3.1 Natural bitumen
Archaeological digs show that, millennia before the present day, natural bitumen, collected by man from the surface of the ground, was often mixed with mineral fines to form a bituminous mastic used as a sealant in buildings and hydraulic structures.
In Mesopotamia, natural bitumen and asphalt, combined with fibrous materials and minerals, were used to waterproof roof terraces and reservoirs, consolidate walls and seal stone slabs laid in streets
Bitumen exists in its natural state, and some deposits are still being exploited today.
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These are ancient oil deposits where the store...
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Types of bitumen
Bitumen composition
References
Organizations
The bibliographical references relating to bitumens and bituminous binders are extremely numerous and cannot be grouped together in a single work. For this reason, readers are invited to consult the sites listed below:
• Oil Standards Bureau (BNPé)
• French Petroleum Institute (IFP)...
Standards
Specific standards are mentioned in the text. Here, the reader will find a summary of the specification standards and general test methods that apply upstream of the specific methods. The latter must be included in the specification standards which use them.
To keep the text as short as possible, the titles of the standards listed below have been kept to a strict minimum. As a general rule, only the...
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