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2. Fixed cultures on thin supports: mechanisms involved
2.1 Filtration and oxidation
Water purification techniques using cultures fixed on a fine granular support imply that the wastewater to be treated is progressively dispersed above various strata or beds of material, called massifs, which are arranged so as to operate independently of each other.
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Two key mechanisms
At the heart of this treatment system are two essential mechanisms for efficient elimination.
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Surface filtration
This mechanism involves a physical phenomenon whereby suspended solids present in the water are retained or stopped at the surface of the gravel pack. As these materials accumulate, they form a layer that captures...
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Fixed cultures on thin supports: mechanisms involved
Free cultures: mechanisms at play
Bibliography
Websites
Eaufrance – The public water information service
eCompendium – A tool for planning sanitation solutions for the different phases of an emergency.
https://www.emersan-compendium.org/fr/
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Standards and norms
- Wastewater treatment plants – Part 1: General principles of construction: specifies the general principles of design, construction and installation of technical equipment for wastewater treatment plants. - NF EN 12255-1 - avril 2002
- Wastewater treatment plants – Part 3: Pretreatments: specifies applications, procedures and performance requirements for raw wastewater pretreatments. - NF EN 12255-3 - avril 2001 ...
Regulations
Directive no. 91/271/EEC of May 21, 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment.
Law no. 92-3 of January 3, 1992 on water.
Decree no. 94-469 of June 3, 1994 on wastewater collection and treatment. Repealed by Decree n°2000-318 of April 7, 2000.
Décret n° 2006-503 du 2 mai 2006 relatif à la collecte et au traitement des eaux usées mentionnées aux articles...
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