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9. Complementary and tertiary treatments
Tertiary treatments are complementary treatments carried out after primary physico-chemical treatment and secondary biological treatment of wastewater.
After secondary treatment, pollutants may remain that require more advanced treatment methods to be removed or reduced to acceptable levels. Tertiary treatments can include disinfection processes (for example, with chlorine or UV), nutrient removal (nitrification and denitrification), advanced filtration (such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, sand or activated carbon), and adsorption or advanced treatment technologies (such as ozonation or advanced chemical oxidants).
The aim of tertiary treatment is to "polish" the treated water to meet the most stringent discharge or reuse criteria, and this may include the reduction of persistent substances, heavy metals, micropollutants or residual...
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Complementary and tertiary treatments
Conclusion
Bibliography
Websites
Eaufrance – The public water information service
eCompendium – A tool for planning sanitation solutions for the different phases of an emergency.
https://www.emersan-compendium.org/fr/
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Standards and norms
- Wastewater treatment plants – Part 1: General principles of construction: specifies the general principles of design, construction and installation of technical equipment for wastewater treatment plants. - NF EN 12255-1 - avril 2002
- Wastewater treatment plants – Part 3: Pretreatments: specifies applications, procedures and performance requirements for raw wastewater pretreatments. - NF EN 12255-3 - avril 2001 ...
Regulations
Directive no. 91/271/EEC of May 21, 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment.
Law no. 92-3 of January 3, 1992 on water.
Decree no. 94-469 of June 3, 1994 on wastewater collection and treatment. Repealed by Decree n°2000-318 of April 7, 2000.
Décret n° 2006-503 du 2 mai 2006 relatif à la collecte et au traitement des eaux usées mentionnées aux articles...
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