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6. Nanofluids
The search for fluids with improved thermal characteristics has led to the pre-industrial development of a new type of fluid: nanofluids.
Crystalline solids have thermal conductivities that are generally 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of fluids (figure 5 ). Thus, the conductivity of a fluid can be significantly improved by the addition of suspended solids. The thermal conductivity of fluids containing suspended solids has been studied for a long time, ever since Maxwell's work was published 100 years ago. However, with very few exceptions, the studies carried out on particle suspensions in a fluid concerned millimetre- and micrometre-sized particles. Building on these old ideas, it has been proposed to manufacture...
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Nanofluids
Conclusion
Bibliography
Software tools
COOLPACK, software for calculating fluid physical properties and thermodynamic cycles.
REFPROP, NIST (USA) software for calculating refrigerant properties.
PROPHY, software developed by PROSIM, for calculating fluid properties.
EES, equation solver containing a fluid database.
ECHTHERM, software developed by GRETh to calculate...
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