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3. Heat exchangers in pressurized areas
3.1 Exchanger types
From a schematic point of view, a combustion boiler can be reduced to two groups of components:
a furnace to convert the potential energy contained in the fuel (calorific value) into hot gases and radiation;
heat exchangers used primarily to transfer the energy contained in these gases to water in liquid or vapor form, for use in a thermodynamic cycle to generate electricity.
As a general rule, for the calculation and design of heat exchangers used in boilers, please refer to
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Heat exchangers in pressurized areas
Air/flue gas circuits
Bibliography
Software tools
KED PPSD (boiler calculation) http:// www.ked.de
NOWA (water-steam circulation) http://www.iet.tuwien.ac.at
ASPEN PLUS® (thermal cycles, reactions) http:// www.aspentech.com
...Standards and norms
- Chaudières à tubes d'eau et installations auxiliaires - NF EN 12952 -
- Water-tube boilers and auxiliary systems – Part 15: Acceptance tests - NF EN 12952-15 - 01-04
- Performance Test Codes Fired Steam Generators - ASME PTC 4-2008 - 2008
- Code for Acceptance Tests on stationary steam generators of the power station type - BS 2885 - 1974
Regulations
Pressure Equipment Directive (European Parliament Directive 97/23/EC), transposed into French law by Decree No. 99-1046, on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment.
Decree of January 31, 2011 amending the decree of March 15, 2000 on the operation of pressure equipment
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Alfa Laval Aalborg A/S http://www.aalborgindustries.com
Alstom Power http://www.alstom.com
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