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ABSTRACT
The phenomena that drive the radionuclide transfers from physical media (air, water, soil) to the main agricultural and breeding foodstuffs, and to foodstuffs linked to picking, hunting and fishing are introduced. The general case of the main radionuclides in situations of single or chronic contamination inputs is treated, followed by the specific cases of tritium and carbon 14. Operational modelings (equations and parameter values) are given in order to allow the reader to get an idea of the relative intensities of each kind of transfer and to perform, for some radionuclides and types of food, estimates of specific activities.
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Philippe Renaud: Special advisor to the Director of Environment, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
INTRODUCTION
Like all industrial facilities, French nuclear installations are authorized to discharge radioactive substances into the environment. This article deals with the releases of radioactive substances associated with the normal operation of these facilities, the influence of these releases on the mass and volume activities of radionuclides in the environment, and the doses likely to be received by neighboring populations as a result of these releases. It does not deal with environmental contamination resulting from past releases. For a long time, the consequences of normal releases from nuclear facilities were assessed only by calculation, based on the activities released, measured or estimated, using environmental transfer models, since the mass and volume activities in the environment resulting from these releases were too small to be measured. Advances in metrology now make it possible to better assess the influence of normal operation of nuclear facilities on the environment. This knowledge, which largely validates the results of previous calculations , is presented in the following article.
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KEYWORDS
radionuclides | nuclear installations | population exposure | assesed dose
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Nuclear engineering
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Influence of normal radioactive discharges from French nuclear facilities
Radioactive discharges from French nuclear sites
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