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ABSTRACT
Among the methods of metallic material manufacturing, welding is in the first position. Indeed, much of the manufactured objects that surround us make use of assembly by welding technologies for their realization. Knowledge of these technologies can improve and / or reduce the manufacturing costs of these objects. The main purpose of this article is to give a general introduction to the welding processes of metallic materials. Initially, a rapid classification of welding processes is discussed which will define different criteria for the selection of a welding method according to a given application. Finally, an approach to ways to implement in terms of hygiene and worker safety will be presented.
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Pascal PAILLARD: University Professor - Welding training manager - Head of the "Materials engineering and metallurgy" research team at IMN Polytech Nantes – Institut des matériaux Jean Rouxel UMR 6502
INTRODUCTION
Welding is one of the most widely used techniques for joining metallic materials. It can be used, for example, to obtain watertight capacities, or to transmit forces within an assembly of individual parts... The normative aspect is relatively important in the field of welding. Typing in the term "welding" on the AFNOR website ® gives a list of over 2,000 normative documents. If we restrict ourselves to the "welding processes" sequence, we come up with a list of 300 documents. This is why, in this introductory article, we refer to a number of these normative documents.
After some general definitions, a brief history of welding processes is given. Two classifications of welding processes are presented, along with their symbols. Finally, based on comparative elements, criteria for choosing a welding process are discussed, along with the health and safety risks involved. An initial approach to the most significant risks (welding fumes and radiation) in electric arc welding is given in terms of prevention.
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Material processing - Assembly
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Welding processes
A few definitions
Bibliography
Websites
French Association for Standardization, Afnor http://www.afnor.org
Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles, INRS http://www.inrs.fr
Standards and norms
- Welding and related techniques – Process nomenclature and numbering - NF EN ISO 4063 - 02-11
- Soudage et techniques connexes : définitions des procédés de soudage des métaux - NF EN 14610 - 06-05
- Welding and related techniques – Welding positions - NF EN ISO 6947 - 08-11
- Vêtements de protection utilisés pendant le soudage et les techniques connexes - NF EN ISO 11611 - 04-08
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Regulations
Recommendation R443 of the Comité technique national des industries de la métallurgie adopted November 13, 2008 – Electric arc welding and cutting – Occupational risk prevention.
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