9. Reloading, heterogeneous welding and welding of clad plates
Whether you're welding a coating onto carbon or low-alloy steel, or welding these together with stainless steel (or reconstituting the stainless steel plating when welding plated sheet metal), there are two fundamental rules to observe:
a suitably selected stainless steel or nickel alloy can be deposited by welding on the carbon or low-alloy steel of a sheet, a clad sheet or their weld;
on the other hand, under no circumstances should carbon or low-alloy steel be welded onto the stainless steel of sheet metal, plated sheet metal or its reconstruction by welding (very high risk of cracking).
9.1 Using the Schaeffler-Espy diagram and selecting filler materials
The Schaeffler...
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Reloading, heterogeneous welding and welding of clad plates
Assembling tubes on tube sheets
Bibliography
Basic works
Reference
In Engineering Techniques
On stainless steels
On forming
About welding
Basic works
Standardization
Series of AWS standards (published by AWS).
ASTM series of standards (distributed by ASTM International).
Series of NF EN standards (distributed by AFNOR).
- Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count - ASTM E 562 - 2002
- Standard Practice for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic...
Regulations
Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 29, 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment, known as the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED), OJ L181 of July 9, 1997.
Organizations
UNS numbers (unified numbering system for metals and alloys)
http://www.matweb.com/search/SearchUNS.asp
Center technique des industries mécaniques (Cetim)
Syndicat national de la chaudronnerie,...
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