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10. Assembling tubes on tube sheets
10.1 Joining by rolling alone
Figure 6 describes this type of fastening, which must ensure both mechanical strength and tightness. According to current European regulations (Pressure Equipment Directive – DESP 97/23CE), this type of assembly, described as "permanent", must be the subject of an operating mode qualification.
The operation consists in plastically deforming the tube, either by :
mechanical chucking (action of rollers on a tapered shank) ;
hydraulic expansion ;
explosive charge (for very specific cases).
The outer edge of the tube...
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Assembling tubes on tube sheets
Bibliography
Basic works
Reference
In Engineering Techniques
On stainless steels
On forming
About welding
Basic works
Standardization
Series of AWS standards (published by AWS).
ASTM series of standards (distributed by ASTM International).
Series of NF EN standards (distributed by AFNOR).
- Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count - ASTM E 562 - 2002
- Standard Practice for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic...
Regulations
Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 29, 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment, known as the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED), OJ L181 of July 9, 1997.
Organizations
UNS numbers (unified numbering system for metals and alloys)
http://www.matweb.com/search/SearchUNS.asp
Center technique des industries mécaniques (Cetim)
Syndicat national de la chaudronnerie,...
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