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3. Water contamination
Degradation of water's microbiological quality can occur at any time between the point of production and the user's tap. It can be linked to the proliferation of micro-organisms naturally present in water, or even to contamination in reservoirs, public pipes or building distribution networks. The extent and complexity of indoor networks, the formation of biofilm inside pipes, the presence of water stagnation points (dead spaces, taps and faucet breakers, shower heads, softeners, storage tanks, etc.), and work carried out in the absence of effective disinfection, all contribute to the proliferation of micro-organisms present in water. Contamination of peripheral equipment by micro-organisms brought in by the user also contributes to the microbiological contamination of distributed water (retro-contamination).
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Water contamination
Air contamination
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Cleanrooms and related controlled environments. Biocontamination control – Part 1: General principles and methods - NF EN ISO 14698-1 - 03-04
- Health care facilities – Controlled environment zones. Requirements for airborne contamination control - NF S90-351 - 04-13
- Indoor air – Part 16: Mould detection and enumeration – Filtration sampling - NF ISO 16000-16 - 2009
- Indoor air – Part 17: Mould detection...
Regulations
European Good Manufacturing Practice (EuGMP). Specific guideline: LD.1 Manufacture of sterile medicinal products
European Pharmacopoeia 0169. 8th edition. Specifications for water for injections
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