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ABSTRACT
Metabolomics, consisting in the simultaneous analysis of small molecules present in a biological system, has been established in human nutrition, as a method of phenotype characterisation, allowing getting an integrated view of metabolism, a key element in the study of the complex nutrition and health relationships. This article presents all the dedicated methodologies of this approach, whose instrumental characteristics, operating protocols and data treatment methods that have been largely developed in the recent years.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Stéphanie DURAND: Technical Manager, Metabolism Exploration Platform - Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Corinne POUYET: Analyst, mass spectrometry and lipidomics specialist - Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Mélanie PETERA: Statistical engineer, metabolomics specialist - Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Franck GIACOMONI: Research engineer, bioinformatics, metabolomics specialist - Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Blandine COMTE: Research Director, specialist in metabolism and chronic metabolic diseases - Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Estelle PUJOS-GUILLOT: Scientific Manager, PlateForme d'Exploration du Métabolisme - Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
INTRODUCTION
Since the early 2000s, nutrition research has turned towards global approaches, in order to take into account the complexity of both food and biology, and better explore the relationship between nutrition and health. At the metabolic level, a paradigm shift has taken place, moving from the reductionist logic of studying a single nutrient on a given physiological function and/or organ, to a holistic logic, analyzing the impact of diet taken as a whole on the organism. This evolution has been made possible on the one hand by advances in analytical techniques applied to the life sciences, in terms of sensitivity and resolution, enabling better detection of molecules present in biological media. On the other hand, developments in computer science have opened the door to full exploitation of the massive data generated. In this context, metabolomics, the latest development in the "omics" sciences, has emerged, defined as the analysis of all the small molecules present and accessible in a biological system. The interest of this approach lies in the fact that it provides an integrated view of metabolism, close to the phenotype. However, it is a multi-step process, requiring multidisciplinary skills, from experimental design to analysis of biological samples and processing of the data generated, right through to exploitation of the results. The aim of this article is therefore to present the challenges, principles and methodologies, as well as the specific features and aims of applying metabolomics to human nutrition.
Field: Analytical techniques
Degree of technology diffusion: Growth
Technologies involved: Mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance
Areas of application: Nutrition, health
Main French players :
Competence Center: MetaboHUB, National Metabolomics and Fluxomics Infrastructure
Learned society : French Metabolomics and Fluxomics Network (RFMF)
Other players worldwide: Learned society : Metabolomics Society
Contact: [email protected] ; https://pfem.isc.inrae.fr/
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KEYWORDS
nutrition | Biomarkers | metabolomics | phenotyping
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Metabolomics Society: https://metabolomicssociety.org/
Nutrigenomics Association (NUGO): https://www.nugo.org/
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